City Diplomacy in circumstances of Russian Federation agression against Ukraine
Keywords:
city diplomacy; peace; culture of peace; Ukraine; EUAbstract
This article clarifies the role and peculiarities of city diplomacy during the Russian war against Ukraine, and the attention degree of European city networks to peacekeeping, conflict-solving, and interaction in circumstances of aggression. It has been determined that the city diplomacy has not received much attention over the past decade, but the current situation has led to a surge in lobbying policies cities, complemented by more active bilateral contacts and public diplomacy. These trends endorse the thesis of cities` activisation in international relations which was confirmed by qualitative and quantitative content analysis and case study method.
References
Kihlgren Grandi L. City Diplomacy: Cities and the Global Politics of the Environment / ed. M. Acuto, E. Rapoport, J. Setyezer. Cham: Springer Nature. 2020. 180 p.
Van der Plujm R. Melicen J. City diplomacy the expanding role of cities in international politics. 2007.Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations. Clingendael Diplomacy Paper No. 10. p. 43.
Kelm M., Frerks G. How local governments contribute to peace-building. City Diplomacy / ed. by A. Musch. VNG International. The Hauge. 2008. P. 47–75.
Van Hemert K. A case study in city diplomacy: the Municipal Alliance for Peace in the Middle East. City Diplomacy/ed. by A. Musch. VNG International. The Hauge. 2008. P. 165–191.
Hermüller S. International and local actors in peacebuilding: why don`t they cooperate? Swiss Peace Foundation. Bern. 2014. 36 p.
Abo Naser M., Hermüller S., Hilal L., Kathouda R., Nagui Y. Inside Syria: what local actors are doing for peace. Swiss Peace Foundation. Bern. 2016. 34p.
Acuto M. City Diplomacy. The Sage Handbook of Diplomacy/717edit. by Constant M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr and Paul Sharp. 2016. P. 510–521
Furmankiewicz M. Town-twinning as a factor generating international flows of goods and people – the example of Poland. Belgeo [Online], 1–2 | 2005, Online since 27 October 2013, connection on 19 April 2019. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/12466 (Last accessed 23.02.2022).
Mayors for peace: About us. Official website. URL: http://www.mayorsforpeace.org/ english/aboutus/index.html (Last accessed 18.01.2022).
Local Government and a culture of peace. The UCLG Peace Prize. The Hague. 2021. 70 p.
The Hague Agenda on City Diplomacy. Composed during the First World Conference on City Diplomacy. 2008. 5 p.
Committee of Region. 78th plenary session. Opinion of the Committee of the Region on City Dplomacy. 2009. 9 p.
Commitment to the Agenda of cities for coexistence and peace. Madrid. November 2018. 18p.
Mayors for Peace Action Plan (2021–2025). 2021. 9 p.
Alliance for Middle East Peace. 2021. Annual Report. 22 p.
Ljubljana Agreement. Informal Meeting of Minister responsible for Urban Matters. 26.November. 2021. 28 p.
New Leipzig Charter. The transformative power of cities for the common good. 12 p.
Eurocities Statues. Adopted by the Eurocities AGM in Lyon 22 November 2005. Last version. 2011. 8 p.
Statutes Council of European Municipalities and Regions AISBL. Adopted by the Policy Committee of Prague. 2013. 21 p.
Committee of the Region. Mission Statement. Brussel, 21 April 2009. 2 p.
Eurocities strategic framework. 52 p.
CEMR multi-annual Strategy 2020–2030. The Council od European Municipalities. 2021. 15 p.
European Committee of Region. Political Priorities 2020–2025. URL: https://cor.europa.eu/en/ourwork/Pages/cor-priorities.aspx (Last accessed 20.03.2022).
Загальнонаціональне опитування: Україна в умовах війни. Соціологічна група Рейтинг. URL: https://ratinggroup.ua/research/ukraine/obschenacionalnyy_opros_ukraina_v_usloviyah_voyny_1_marta_2022.html ?fbclid=IwAR2LvNLxicdO0OIdLoQF3NvHPpAfi7PbbV2GjlHv2IzTSinKBF74u6Gzfz4
Joint Call of European Mayors to European governments and the European Commission on raising efforts to end the war in Europe. Gdansk 15 March. 2022. 4 p.
Gordon A. More than 150 cities stand with Ukraine. Eurocities. All latest news. 14.03.2022. URL: https://eurocities.eu/latest/more-than-150-cities-stand-with-ukraine/ (Last accessed 20.03.2022).
